To find the Determination of Contents of Tooth Powder

JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAY,SONIPAT(HR) Chemistry Investigatory Project

PROJECT REPORT

To find the Determination of Contents of Tooth Powder

Exam. Roll No. :

Class                 :

Name              :

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this bonafide project work in the subject of chemistry has been done by ______________   of class XII science in the academic year 2015-2016  and submitted to AISSCE practical examination conducted by CBSE at Embassy of India School Moscow  on _______________

TEACHER IN CHARGE               PRINCIPAL

INTERNAL EXAMINER           EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Aim : To find the Determination of Contents of Tooth Powder/To test the acid and basic radicals in the toothpowder

Theory:

Toothpowder is a powder used with hands or with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth. Toothpowder is used to promote oral hygiene: it can aid in the removal of dental plaque and food from the teeth, aid in the elimination and/or masking of halitosis and deliver active ingredients such as fluoride or xylitol to prevent tooth and gum disease

While the exact formula of each brand of toothpaste is proprietary, most toothpowders contain the same basic ingredients. These include:

Fluoride: Perhaps the most important toothpowders ingredient is fluoride. Fluoride incorporates itself into tooth enamel making your teeth more resistant to acids produced by plaque bacteria, as well as acids found in fruit juices, soda (both regular and diet) and certain foods. In toothpowders, fluoride is found in the form of sodium monofluorophosphate, stannous fluoride, or sodium fluoride.

Abrasives: Abrasives give toothpowders its cleaning power. They remove stains and plaque, as well as polish teeth. Common abrasives include calcium phosphates, alumina, calcium carbonate, and silica. Toothpowders should be abrasive enough to remove plaque and stains, but not abrasive enough to damage tooth enamel. Damaged tooth enamel also causes yellowing as the thinned enamel reveals the yellowish dentin layer below. Over the years, manufacturers have been quietly reducing the abrasiveness of their toothpowders.

Preservatives: Preservatives prevent the growth of microorganisms in toothpowders and eliminate the need to refrigerate toothpowders. Common preservatives include sodium benzoate, methyl paraben, and ethyl paraben.

Flavoring Agents: These are added to improve the taste of toothpowders. You may have noticed that toothpowders have very strong flavoring.This is necessary to cover up the horrid taste of most detergents, especially SLS.

Sweeteners: Sweeteners also improve the taste of toothpowders. Most toothpowder sweeteners are artificial and contribute very little to cavity formation. Saccharin is a common toothpowder sweetener

TEST FOR ACID RADICAL:

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Dilute sulphuric acid test A small amount of salt was treated with 1-2 ml of dilute sulphuric acid.	Colourless and odourless gas.   Brisk effervescence and evolution of carbon   dioxide which turns lime water milky.	CO32 – may be  Present
[1] To the solution of the salt dilute HCl was added. [2] To the solution of the salt magnesium sulphate solution was added.	[1] Brisk effervescence and evolution of carbon       dioxide which turns lime water milky. [2] White precipitate was obtained.	CO3 2– confirmed

 

TEST FOR ACID RADICAL:

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Dilute sulphuric acid test A small amount of salt was treated with 1-2 ml of dilute sulphuric acid.	No Observation	CO32 – SO32 –   S2 –  NO 2–     are absent
Concentrated sulphuric acid test            A small amount of salt was treated with 1-2 ml of conc.sulphuric acid.	No Observation	Cl –  Br –  I –  NO3 – CH3COO –  are absent
Salt solution + conc.HNO3 , boiled. Then + Ammonium molybdate solution + boiled.	A canary yellow ppt. was obtained.	PO43– confirmed

TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Test for ammonium (ZERO GROUP) A little of soda lime was added to the salt on a watch glass and rubbed with few drops of water.	No Gas evolved	NH4+ is absent.
To the salt solution dil. HCl was added.	No  ppt. was formed	Gr-I ( Pb2+) is absent.
To the filtrate of the above solution H2S gas was passed.	No  ppt. was formed	Gr-II ( Pb2+ ,Cu 2+, As 3+)  absent.
To the filtrate few drops of conc. HNO3 was added and H2S gas was boiled off and filtered. To the filtrate NH4Cl and NH4OH were added.	No  ppt. was formed	Gr-III ( Fe3+) absent
To the filtrate of the above solution H2S gas was passed.	No  ppt. was formed	Gr-IV(Mn2+,Zn2+,Ni2+,Co2+)Radicals absent

GROUP –V   ANALYSIS  {The ppt. of group-V was dissolved in hot dil. acetic acid and divided into three parts:}

Experiment	Observation	Inference
[1] First part + Ammonium oxalate solution	White ppt. was obtained	Ca2+ confirmed

RESULT: The given Salt contains  carbonate  (CO₃^{2 –})   &  Phospahte PO₄^3– as anion  & Calcium Ca²⁺as cation.

Conclusion:

Several of the ingredients in toothpastes are found by some environmentally damaging or hazardous to the personal health.

These ingredients include:

•Artificial flavoring 
• Artificial colors 
• Triclosan 
• Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) 
• Detergents 
• Fluoride
• Preservatives such as Methylparaben and Ethylparaben-parabens 
• Pyrophosphate

Homemade tooth powders are made by mixing  3 parts baking soda (cleanser) thoroughly with 1 part salt (the abrasive). As a direct result of these concerns, some people have started making their own tooth paste instead, which -while still not completely ecologic due to the use of baking soda- still eliminates much environmentally or health damaging ingredients. Also, commercial toothpowders are made which are less or even non-environmentally damaging. Such preparations are made from herbal resins, propolis and myrrh.