analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical

 

EXPERIMENT NO - 01

OBJECTIVE :-  To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION : -

S. NO.

EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST

1

Colour

Colourless

Cu2+   Fe3+   Ni2+ absent

2

Odour

NH3 like smell

NH4+ may be present

1

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test

we take Test tube + salt + H2O +Dil. H2SO4

Colourless odourless gas evolves with brisk effervescence.

CO32- may be present

2

we Pass the gas in lime water in excess

Lime water turns milky which turns colourless when excess gas is passed.

CO32-is confirmed

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1

we take Test tube + salt + NaOH

Pungent smell of NH3 produces

Zero group present

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + Nessler reagent

Reddish brown precipitate forms

NH4+   confirm

RESULT:-   Ammonium ion (NH4+) basic radical and acetate anion (CO32--) acidic radicals are present in given salt. EXPERIMENT NO – 01

OBJECTIVE :-  To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical

OBSERVATION : -

S. NO.

EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST

1

Colour

Colourless

Cu2+   Fe3+   Ni2+ absent

2

Odour

NH3 like smell

NH4+ may be present

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test

1

we take Test tube + salt + H2O +Dil. H2SO4

colourless gas with vinegar like smell

CH3COO- may be present

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + oxalic acid

Characteristic smell of vinegar produces

CH3COO- is confirmed

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1

we take Test tube + salt + NaOH

Pungent smell of NH3 produces

Zero group present

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + Nessler reagent

Reddish brown precipitate forms

NH4+ is confirmed

RESULT: -   Ammonium ion (NH4+) basic radical and acetate anion (CH3COO-) acidic radicals are present in given salt.

EXPERIMENT NO. – 03

OBJECTIVE: - To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION: -

S. No.

EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST

1

Colour

Colourless

Cu2+   Fe3+   Ni2+ absent

2

Odour

NH3 like smell

NH4+ may be present

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test

1

we take Test tube + salt + H2O +Dil. H2SO4

No gas produces

SO42- is absent

Conc. H2SO4 test

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + Conc. H2SO4

Colourless gas with pungent smell

Cl- may be present

3

CHROMYL CHLORIDE TETS:- Test tube + salt + solid potassium dichromate + Conc. H2SO4 + heat  pass the gas in Dil. NaOH + CH3COOH + lead acetate

Yellow precipitate forms.

Cl- is confirmed

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1

we take Test tube + salt + NaOH

Pungent smell of NH3 produces

Zero group present

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + Nessler reagent

Reddish brown precipitate forms

NH4+   is confirmed

RESULT:- Ammonium ion (NH4+) basic radical and chloride anion (Cl- ) acidic radicals are present in given  salt NH4Cl.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 04

OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION :-

S. No.

EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST

1

Colour

Colourless

Cu2+   Fe3+   Ni2+  absent

2

Odour

No smell

NH4+ (CH3COO- ) absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test

1

we take Tets tube + salt + H2O +Dil. H2SO4

No gas produces

Dil H2SO4 group absent

Conc. H2SO4 test

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + Conc. H2SO4

Brown fume which intensifies when Cu turnings are added

NO3- may be present

3

we take Soda extract + CH3COOH + FeSO4 + Conc. H2SO4

Formation oif brown ring at the junction of solutions

NO3- is confirmed

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1

we take Test tube + salt + NaOH

No gas produces

Zero group absent

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + dil. HCl + filter

White precipitate is formed

First group may be present

3

we take Precipitate + H2O + K2Cr2O7

Yellow precipitate is formed

Pb2+ is confirmed

RESULT:-  Lead (Pb2+) basic radical and nitrate anion (NO3- ) acidic radicals are present in given salt Pb(NO3)3.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 05

OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION :-

S. No.

EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST

1

Colour

Blue colour

Cu2+ may be presnt

2

Odour

No smell

NH4+ (CH3COO- ) absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test

1

tets tube + salt + H2O +Dil. H2SO4

No gas produces

Dil H2SO4 group absent

Conc. H2SO4 test

2

we take tets tube + salt + H2O + Conc. H2SO4

No gas produces

Conc. H2SO4 group absent

3

we take   test tube + salt + H2O + BaCl2

White precipitate forms

Sulphate (SO42-) is confirmed

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1

we take Test tube + salt + NaOH

No gas producses

Zero group absent

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + dil. HCl + filter

No precipitate forms

First group absent

3

we take Filtrate + H2S gas + filter

Black Precipitate forms

Second group present

4

we take Precipitate + Dil. HNO3 + acetic acid +  K4[Fe (CN)6]

Chocolate brown coloured precipitate forms

Cu2+ is confirmed

RESULT: - Cupric ion (Cu2+ ) basic radical and Sulphate anion (SO42- )  acidic radicals are present in given salt CuSO4.

EXPERIMENT NO. – 06

OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION :-

S. No.

EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST

1

Colour

Yellow  colour

Fe3+ may be presnt

2

Odour

No smell

NH4+ (CH3COO- ) absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

1

Dil. H2SO4 test

we take  tets tube + salt + H2O +Dil. H2SO4

No gas produces

Dil H2SO4 group absent

2

Conc. H2SO4 test

we take test tube + salt + H2O + Conc. H2SO4

Colourless gas with pungent smell

Cl- may be present

CHROMYL CHLORIDE TETS:-

3

we take Test tube + salt + solid potassium dichromate + Conc. H2SO4 + heat      pass the gas in Dil. NaOH + CH3COOH + lead acetate

Yellow precipitate forms

Cl- is confirmed

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1

Test tube + salt + NaOH

No gas produces

Zero group absent

2

Test tube + salt + H2O + dil. HCl + filter

No precipitate forms

Ist group absent

3

Filtrate + H2S gas + filter

No precipitate forms

IInd group absent

4

Filtrate + boil to remove H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Filter

Reddish brown precipitate forms

IIIrd group present

5

we take Precipitate formed above test tube+ dil HCl + K4[Fe (CN)6]

Prussian blue colour appears

Fe3+ is confirmed

RESULT:- Ferric ion (Fe3+) basic radical and Chloride (Cl- )  acidic radicals are present in given salt FeCl3.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 07

OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION :-

S. No.

EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST

1

Colour

Blue green

Ni2+ may be presnt

2

Odour

No smell

NH4+ (CH3COO-) absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

1

Dil. H2SO4 test

we take Test tube + salt + H2O +Dil. H2SO4

No gas produces

Dil H2SO4 group absent

2

Conc. H2SO4 test

we take test tube + salt + H2O + Conc. H2SO4

Colourless gas with pungent smell

Cl- may be present

3

CHROMYL CHLORIDE TETS:- we take Test tube + salt + solid potassium dichromate + Conc. H2SO4 + heat      pass the gas in Dil. NaOH + CH3COOH + lead acetate

Yellow precipiteate forms

Cl- confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1

we take Test tube + salt + NaOH

No gas produces

Zero group absent

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + dil. HCl + filter

No precipitate forms

IST group absent

3

we take Filtrate + H2S gas + filter

No precipitate forms

IInd group absent

4

we take Filtrate + boil to remove H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Filter

No precipitate forms

IIIrd group absent

5

we take Filtrate + NH4OH + H2S + filter

Black precipitate forms

Fourth group present

6

we take Precipitate + H2O + dil. HCl + Dimethyl glyoxime (DMG) + dil. NaOH

Pink precipitate forms

Ni2+ confirms

RESULT:- Nickel ion (Ni2+) basic radical and Chloride anion (Cl- ) acidic radicals are present in   given salt NiCl2.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 08

OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION :-

S. No.

EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST

1

Colour

White

Cu2+   Fe3+   Ni2+  absent

2

Odour

No smell

NH4+ (CH3COO- ) absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test

1

we take test tube + salt + H2O +Dil. H2SO4

colourless odourless gas evolves with brisk effervescence.

CO32- may be present

2

we Pass the gas through lime water in excess

lime water turns milky which turns colourless when excess gas is passed

CO32-  Confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1

we take Test tube + salt + NaOH

No gas produces

Zero group absent

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + dil. HCl + filter

No precipitate forms

Ist  group absent

3

we take Filtrate + H2S gas + filter

No precipitate forms

IInd group absent

4

we take Filtrate + boil to remove H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Filter

No precipitate forms

IIIrd group absent

5

we take Filtrate + NH4OH + H2S + filter

No precipitate forms

IVth group absent

6

we take Filtrate + NH4Cl + NH4OH + ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 Filter

White  precipitate forms

Vth  group present

7

we take Precipitate + ammonium sulphate + ammonium oxalate (NH4) 2C2O4

White  precipitate forms

Ca2+ confirm

RESULT:- Calcium ion (Ca2+) basic radical and Carbonate anion (CO32-) acidic radicals are present in given salt.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 09

OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION :-

S. No.

EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST

1

Colour

White

Cu2+   Fe3+   Ni2+  absent

2

Odour

No smell

NH4+ and                (CH3COO-) absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test

1

we take test tube + salt + H2O +Dil. H2SO4

No gas produces

Dil H2SO4 group absent

Conc. H2SO4 test

1

we take test tube + salt + H2O + Conc. H2SO4

No gas produces

Conc. H2SO4 group absent

2

we take test tube + salt + H2O + BaCl2

White precipitate forms

Sulphate (SO42-) is confirmed

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1

we take Test tube + salt + NaOH

No gas produces

Zero group absent

2

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + dil. HCl + filter

No precipitate forms

Ist  group absent

3

we take Filtrate + H2S gas + filter

No precipitate forms

IInd group absent

4

Filtrate + boil to remove H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Filter

No precipitate forms

IIIrd group absent

5

we take Filtrate + NH4OH + H2S + filter

No precipitate forms

IVth group absent

6

we take Filtrate + NH4Cl + NH4OH + ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 Filter

No precipitate forms

Vth group absent

7

we take Test tube + salt + H2O + NH4Cl + NH4OH + ammonium phosphate

White precipitate forms

Mg2+ is confirmed in VIth group

RESULT:- Magnesium ion (Mg2+) basic radical and sulphate (SO42-) acidic radicals are present in given salt MgSO4.