Distinguish between different organic compounds

 Distinguish between the following: -

1)   Phenol and alcohol

2)   Benzaldehyde and Propanal

3)    Acetic acid and formic acid

4)   Benzophenone and acetophenone

5)    Ethanal and propanal

6)    Propanol and ethanol

7)    Pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one

8)   2⁰Alcohol and 3⁰ alcohol

9)     Benzoic acid and benzene

10)  Phenol and benzoic acid

11)   Benzaldehyde and acetophenone

12)   Methanol and benzaldehyde

13)  Phenol and Anisole

14)  Alkyl halide and aryl halide

15)  Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) and any other aldehyde

16). 2⁰Amine and 3⁰ amine

17). 1⁰Amine and 3⁰ Amine or 2⁰Amine

18) Aliphatic primary amine and aniline

19) p-cresol and benzyl alcohol

20) CH3COOH and HCOOH

ANSWERS

1)   Phenol and alcohol

Compound 1	Compound 2
Phenol  It gives violet colour with FeCl3	Alcohol It doesn't give violet colour with FeCl3

 2)   Benzaldehyde and Propanal

Compound 1	Compound 2
Benzaldehyde 👆It doesn't give brick red ppt With Fehling’s solution A & B	Propanal 👆It gives brick red ppt with With Fehling’s solution A & B

        3)    Acetic acid and formic acid

  

Compound 1	Compound 2
Acetic acid   👆It doesn't give silver mirror with                     ammoniacal silver nitrate. 👆It doesn't give brick red ppt With Fehling’s solution A & B	Formic acid 👆It gives silver mirror with    tollen's reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate. 👆It gives brick red ppt with Fehling’s solution A & B

         4)   Benzophenone and acetophenone

Compound 1	Compound 2
Benzophenone 👆It doesn't give yellow ppt of iodoform With Iodine and NaOH or NaOI	Acetophenone 👆It gives yellow ppt of iodoform With Iodine and NaOH or NaOI

    5)    Ethanal and propanal 

 

Compound 1	Compound 2
Ethanal 👆It gives yellow ppt of iodoform with Iodine and NaOH or NaOI	Propanal 👆It does not give yellow ppt of iodoform with Iodine and NaOH or NaOI

     6)     Propanol and ethanol

Compound 1	Compound 2
Propanol 👆It does not give yellow ppt of iodoform with Iodine and NaOH or NaOI	Ethanol 👆It gives yellow ppt of iodoform with Iodine and NaOH or NaOI

 

    7)    Pentanone-2 and pentanone-3

Compound 1	Compound 2
pentan-2-one 👆It gives yellow ppt of iodoform With Iodine and NaOH or NaOI	pentan-3-one 👆It does not give yellow ppt of iodoform With Iodine and NaOH or NaOI

    8)   2⁰Alcohol and 3⁰ alcohol  

Compound 1	Compound 2
20Alcohol It takes 5minutes to form turbidity with Lucas reagent	30Alcohol It forms turbidity immediately with Lucas reagent

    9)     Benzoic acid and benzene 

Compound 1	Compound 2
Benzoic acid Gives Effervescence of CO2 with NaHCO3	Benzene no effervescence of CO2 with NaHCO3

    10)     Phenol and benzoic acid

Compound 1	Compound 2
Phenol 👆no effervescence of CO2 with NaHCO3    . 👆It gives violet colour with FeCl3	Benzoic acid 👆Gives Effervescence of CO2 with NaHCO3       . 👆It doesn't give violet colour with FeCl3

    11)   Benzaldehyde and acetophenone   

Compound 1	Compound 2
Benzaldehyde 👆It gives silver mirror with Tollens’s reagent 👆It does not give yellow ppt of iodoform With Iodine and NaOH or NaOI	Acetophenone 👆It does not gives silver mirror with Tollens’s reagent 👆It gives yellow ppt of iodoform With Iodine and NaOH or NaOI

 12)     Methanol and benzaldehyde

Compound 1	Compound 2
Methanal 👆It gives brick red ppt with Fehling solution A & B solutions	Benzaldehyde 👆It does not give brick red ppt with Fehling solution A & B solutions

13)  Phenol and Anisole

Compound 1	Compound 2
Phenol 👆It gives violet colour with FeCl3	Anisole 👆It does not give violet colour with FeCl3

14)  Alkyl halide and aryl halide 

(Benzyl chloride and Chlorobenzene)

Compound 1	Compound 2
Alkyl halide or Benzyl chloride 👆It gives precipitate with  AgNO3	Aryl halide or Chlorobenzene 👆It does not give any ppt in silver nitrate test

15)  Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) and any other aldehyde-

Compound 1	Compound 2
Ethanal 👆It gives yellow ppt of iodoform With Iodine and NaOH or NaOI (iodoform test)	other aldehyde 👆It does not give yellow ppt in iodoform test

16). 2⁰Amine and 3⁰ amine

Compound 1	Compound 2
20Amine 👆it react with Hinsberg's reagent	30 amine      👆It does not react with Hinsberg's reagent

17). 1⁰Amine and 3⁰ Amine or 2⁰Amine

Compound 1	Compound 2
10Amine 👆it gives foul smell in carbylamine test(primary amines +Chloroform +KOH)	30 Amine or 20Amine 👆It does not give foul smell in carbylamine test

18 Aliphatic primary amine(methyl amine) and aniline

Compound 1	Compound 2
Aliphatic primary amine  👆It forms alcohol with nitrous acid (HNO2)	Aniline 👆It does not form alcohol with nitrous acid (HNO2)

19) p-cresol and benzyl alcohol

Compound 1	Compound 2
p-cresol  (phenol derivatives) 👆 gives a characteristic colour with with FeCl3	benzyl alcohol 👆It does not gives a characteristic colour with with FeCl3

20) CH3COOH and HCOOH

Compound 1	Compound 2
CH3COOH 👆 it does not give Tollen's test	HCOOH 👆 it has aldehyde type hydrogen so readily reduces Tollen's reagent(i.e. it give tollen's test)