IMMUNE SYSTEM

 

IMMUNE SYSTEM

     After Covid-19 we all are familiar with the word-Immune system. The Immune System is a complex network of cells and proteins that defends the body against infections. The immune system detects a wide variety of agents from viruses to parasitic worms, known as pathogens. Immune system has the ability to distinguish pathogens from healthy tissue in our body.

     The main part of the immune system is white blood cells, which produces antibodies. Antibodies are chemically proteins. Antibodies fight with pathogens (microbes) or toxins (poisons) they produce. White blood cells are produced in bone marrow and move throughout the body looking for foreign bodies (microbes). Healthy diet and regular exercise boost up our immune system.

   The immune system keeps a record of every germ (microbe) it has ever defeated, so it can recognize and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body .“Vaccines” work on this principle.

    Vaccines contain a microorganism in a weekend live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism, which stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies. The processes of administration of a vaccine are known as “Vaccination” (Immunization).

Q 2.1    Antibodies are chemically made up of:

    (a)   Sugar  

    (b)   Protein

    (c)   Vitamin

    (d)   Fat

Q2.2    Which part of blood forms antibodies?

    (a)    Red blood cells

    (b)   White blood cells

   (c)     Platelets

   (d)    Plasma

Q 2.3   In which part of our body are White blood cells formed?

Q 2.4   The Vaccine triggers -------------- to form antibodies.(fill in the blanks)

Q 2.5    Give two examples of common vaccines?

Answer and scoring--

1.1	Option   (d) Nitrogen
	Full credit: 2
	Any other option no credit
1.2	Option   (d) Cyanobacteria
	Full credit: 2
	Any other option no credit
1.3	Legumes
	Full credit: 2
	Half credit :1(for one example such as                          Pea, Gram)
1.4	Azotobacter, Anabaena, Nostoc (any one)
	Full credit: 2
	For any other suitable examples full credit
1.5	Full credit: 2     (for two reasons)
	Half credit :1    (for one reason)
2.1	Option   (b) Protein
	Full credit: 2
	Any other option no credit
2.2	Option   (b) White blood cells
	Full credit: 2
	Any other option no credit
2.3	Bone marrow
	Full credit: 2
2.4	White blood cells
	Full credit: 2
2.5	Full credit:2   (For two correct examples)
	Half credit :1   (For one correct example)