To identify the functional group in the given organic compound

Aim : To identify the functional group in the given organic compound.

Material Required: Test-tube, test-tube stand, test tube holder, dropper, litmus solution, 2,4 DNP, dil. HCl, NaOH, sodium, nitroprusside, meta dinitro benzene.

Physical Properties:

State: liquid 

Color: colourless

Odor: Nail paint remover like smell 

Water solubility: soluble in water

Flammability: Burn with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) 

Preliminary test :

S.N.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1.	Litmus test: Organic compound + 2 drops of litmus solution.	No change	-COOH or phenolic   may present
2.	Organic compound + dil. HCl + NaOH	No ppt or oily layer	-NH2 group is absent.
3.	Organic compound + 2 ml of 2,4-DNP shake it and allow to stand	Orange-red ppt	Carbonyl group is present Aldehyde or ketonic group may be present

Confirmatory test :

S.N.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1.	Organic compound + sodium nitroprusside + 2 – 3 drops of NaOH and shake.	Red color or wine- red color	>C=O group present
2.	Organic compound + Meta dinitrobenzene + NaOH	Violet  color which fades  on standing.	>C=O group present

 

Result: Given organic compound contains Ketonic grp. (>C=O)

To identify the functional group in the given organic compound

Aim : To identify the functional group in the given organic compound.

Material Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper, litmus solution, 2,4 DNP, dil HCl, NaOH, reagent, Fehling solution, Schiff reagent.

Physical Properties:

State: liquid 

Color: colourless 

Odor: Pungent

Water solubility: soluble in water

Flammability: Burn with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) 

Preliminary test :

S.N.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1.	Litmus test: Organic compound + 2 drops of litmus solution.	No change	-COOH or phenolic (–OH) is present
2.	Organic compound + dil. HCl + NaOH	No ppt or oily layer	-NH2 group is absent.
3.	Organic compound + 2 ml of 2,4-DNP shake it and allow to stand	Orange-red ppt	Carbonyl group is present Aldehyde or ketonic group may be present

Confirmatory test :

S.N.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1.	Schiff's solution test: Organic compound + 2 ml of Schiff's reagent.	Pink color Obtained	-CHO group present
2.	Fehling’s solution test: Organic compound + Fehling’s solution (A + B) + boil in a water bath	Red ppt.	-CHO group present

 

Result: Given organic compound contains aldehydic grp. (- CHO)

To identify the functional group in the given organic compound

Aim : To identify the functional group in the given organic compound.

Material Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper, litmus (blue), NaHCO3, conc. H2SO4 , NH4OH, FeCl3

Physical Properties:

State: Solid 

Color: White 

Odor: phenolic

Water solubility: insoluble

Flammability: Burn with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) 

Preliminary test :

S.N.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1.	Litmus test: Organic compound + 2 drops of litmus solution.	Litmus solution turns from blue to red.	-COOH or phenolic (–OH) may be present
2.	Organic compound + NaHCO3 solution.	No effervescence.	-COOH group absent Phenolic (–OH) may be present.

Confirmatory test :

S.N.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1.	FeCl3 Test: Organic compound + dil. FeCl3 solution	Green blue or violet coloration	Phenolic group is confirmed
2.	Phthalic test: Organic compound + phthalic acid + 2-3 drops H2SO4 + D then cool and add dil. NaOH	blue or red coloration	Phenolic group is confirmed

 

Result: The given organic comp. contains phenolic group.

           

To identify the functional group in the given organic compound

Aim : To identify the functional group in the given organic compound.  

Material Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper litmus (blue) solution, dil. HCl, NaOH, Na metal, dil. H2SO4, CH3COOH.

Physical Properties:

State: Liquid 

Color: Colourless

Odor: Spirit like smell 

Water solubility: soluble

Flammability: Burn with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) 

Preliminary test :

S.N.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1.	Litmus test: Organic compound + 2 drops of litmus solution.	No change	-COOH or – OH is absent
2.	Organic compound + dil. HCl + NaOH	No ppt or oily layer	-NH2 group is absent.
3.	Organic compound + Na metal	H2 gas evolves	-OH(alcohol) group     may be present

Confirmatory test :

S.N.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1.	Cerric ammonium nitrate Test : Organic compound + cerric ammonium nitrate	Red color appears	-OH group is confirmed
2.	Ester Test : Organic compound + CH3COOH + Conc. H2SO4 (1 – 2 drops) + Heat.	Fruity smell of ester.	-OH group is confirmed

Result : The functional group present in the given organic compound is alcoholic group (- OH)

To identify the functional group in the given organic compound-carboxylic acid

Aim : To identify the functional group in the given organic compound.

Material Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper, litmus (blue), NaHCO3, conc. H2SO4 , NH4OH, FeCl3

Physical Properties:

State: Solid 

Colour: White

Odor: Vinegar Like

Flammability: Burn with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) 

Preliminary test :

S.N.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1.	Litmus test: Organic compound + 2 drops of litmus solution.	Litmus solution turns from blue to red.	-COOH or – OH may be present
2.	Organic compound + NaHCO3 solution.	Colourless, odorless gas with brisk effervescence.	-COOH group may be or – OH (phenol group present.

Confirmatory test :

S.N.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1.	Ester test: Organic compound + C2H5OH + conc. H2SO4 + Heat	Fruity smell of ester	-COOH group is confirmed
2.	FeCl3 Test: Organic compound + dil. FeCl3 solution	Red color appears	-COOH group is confirmed

 

Result : The functional group present in the given organic compound is carboxylic acid

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