Biomolecules are the complex organic
molecules such as carbohydrate, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid etc. which be
done living organisms and required for the growth and maintenance are called biomolecules.
Carbohydrates- are primary energy sources are also known as saccharides.
·
is optically active polyhydroxy Aldehyde or
polyhydroxy ketones or the compounds which can be hydrolysed to them.
·
General formula- Cx(H2O)
y
·
Formaldehyde and acetic acid have like this
formula (CH2O), (C2H4O2)
respectively but these are not carbohydrate.
·
Deoxyribose (C5H10O4)
is carbohydrate but it does not obey the general formula of carbohydrate.
Type of carbohydrates upon their
hydrolysis -
|
Mono-saccharides (Simple Carbohydrate) |
Oligosaccharides |
Polysaccharides |
|
Cannot be hydrolysis into other simpler |
On hydrolysis, give 2-10 units of monosaccharides |
On hydrolysis, give a large number of monosaccharide units |
|
Ex- Glucose-contains CHO
group Fructose-contains
(C=O) Keto group |
Ex- Sucrose- Glucose +
Fructose Maltose- Glucose +
Glucose Lactose- Glucose +
Galactose |
Ex- Cellulose –contain
many D-Glucose units joined by B-Glyosidic linkage between glucose units Starch- is polymer
of D-Glucose |
Starch
is polymer of D-Glucose consist of two components. These are as-
|
S.No. |
Amylose |
Amylopectin |
|
1 |
Linear polymer of D-Glucose |
Consist of linear as well as branched chain polymer of D-Glucose |
|
2 |
Soluble in water |
Insoluble in water |
|
3 |
give blue colour with I2 |
Do not give blue colour with I2 |
Type
of carbohydrates upon Reducing nature-
|
S.No. |
Reducing Sugar |
Non-reducing sugar |
|
1 |
Can reduce Tollen’s reagent & Fehling ‘s solution Since these have Free aldehyde (-CHO) or keto group(=CO) |
Can not reduce Tollen’s reagent & Fehling ‘s solution Since these have no free aldehyde or keto group |
|
2 |
Ex- · All Monosaccharides such as Glucose, Fructose · Maltose-Disaccharide · Lactose -Disaccharide |
Ex- · Sucrose, · Cellulose |
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