Evolution explains the beginning of
life on earth. Charles Darwin uncovered the theory of evolution and the method
of natural selection. Thanks to Darwin, now we know why life is the way it is.
Evolution explains the concept of genesis of
first life in so called ‘hot dilute
soup’ from the inorganic substances and also new species from pre-existing
ones. Idea of evolution also describes the concept of homologous and analogous
organs. Homologous organs are those organs which are structurally same, share a
common origin but functionally they are different. Analogous organs represent a
different scenario. Here we find that organs perform same function but they are
not structurally same and they don't share any immediate common ancestor.
Darwin emphasized on natural selection as the driving force of evolution but
recent studies show the presence of genetic drift along with natural selection
as the driving force of evolution.
Q1. Evolution describes –
a) Origin of earth
b) Origin of
universe
c) Origin of life on earth
) Origin of atmosphere around the
earth Scoring –
Full
credit – Option c)
No
credit – Any other option or missing response Context – Evolution
Situation
– Global
Process
– Identifying scientific concept Level – Easy
Type – Simple MCQ
Q2.
Do you agree with following statements? Encircle YES or NO.
Statement – First
life originated in primitive ocean. (YES / NO)
Statement
– Patagium of bat and insect wings are homologous organs. (YES / NO)
Scoring –
Full
credit – YES for first statement and NO for second statement
No
credit – Any other answer or no response.
Context – Evolution
Situation
– Global
Process – Explaining
scientific phenomenon
Level
– Medium
Type
– Complex MCQ
Q3.
Read the following statement and encircle AGREE or DISAGREE.
Statement – The
origin of first life was abiogenic (AGREE / DISAGREE)
Scoring
–
Full
credit – AGREE
No credit – DISAGREE
or missing response
Context
– Evolution
Situation – Global
Process
– Deciphering scientific concept
Level
– Medium
Type – Complex MCQ
Q4.
To prove that first life originated from simple inorganic molecules and the
climate of the primitive earth helped in
The figure above shows the scheme of
the experiment conducted by those two renowned scientists. Upon analysis it was
found that at least five amino acids were produced when the experiment was
conducted for one week from the inorganic gases. This famous experiment was
performed in the year of 1953.
From
the description and figure, identify the experiment and name the scientists who
performed the experiment.
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Scoring –
Full credit – Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
No
credit – Any other name or missing response.
Context – Evolution
Situation
– Global
Process – Identifying scientific concept
Level – Medium
Type – Closed construct
Q5.
A student of science got interested in this experiment and he tried to perform
the same experiment to see what are the organic chemicals that are produced
after a week-long experiment. He added all the materials but somehow forgot to
add ammonia. After experiment, he performed analysis through paper
chromatography but couldn’t see any spot on it. However going through the literature,
he found out that Miller and Urey saw some spots of amino acid in the
chromatographic paper.
Can
you imagine the reason behind this?
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Scoring
–
Full credit – As the student forgot
to add ammonia, no amino acid was synthesized in his reaction. Ammonia acts
as a source of nitrogen for amino acid and as the experimental
container was sealed, nitrogen couldn’t enter it from the atmosphere.
Due to absence of amino acid, no spot was seen in the paper chromatography.
Partial
credit – Ammonia is one of the main ingredients to produce amino acid
OR
All
the components are necessary to produce amino acid
No
credit – Any other answer or no response.
Context – Evolution
Situation
– Global
Process
– Explaining scientific phenomenon
Level – Hard
Type
– Open construct
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